SIAI-Marchetti Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero
Panavia GmbH
Panavia Tornado Gr.4
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| RAF Tornado GR4 in 2012 | |
| Role | Multirole aircraft, strike aircraft |
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| National origin | Italy, West Germany, United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Panavia Aircraft GmbH |
| First flight | 14 August 1974 |
| Introduction | 1979 |
| Retired | 2019 (RAF) |
| Status | In service |
| Primary users | German Air Force
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| Produced | 1979–1998 |
| Number built |
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| Variants | Panavia Tornado ADV |
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History Panavia Aircraft GmbH,
Panavia Tornado Gr.4 Attack aircraft
The Panavia Tornado is a family of twin-engine, variable-sweep wing multi-role combat aircraft, jointly developed and manufactured by Italy, the United Kingdom and Germany. There are three primary Tornado variants: the Tornado IDS (interdictor/strike) fighter-bomber, the Tornado ECR (electronic combat/reconnaissance) SEAD aircraft and the Tornado ADV (air defence variant) interceptor aircraft.
Development
The Tornado was developed and built by Panavia Aircraft GmbH, a tri-national consortium consisting of British Aerospace (previously British Aircraft Corporation), MBB[b] of West Germany, and Aeritalia of Italy. It first flew on 14 August 1974 and was introduced into service in 1979–1980. Due to its multirole design, it was able to replace several different fleets of aircraft in the adopting air forces. The Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) became the only export operator of the Tornado.
Variable-sweep wing
Further information: variable-sweep wing
In order for the Tornado to perform well as a low-level supersonic strike aircraft, it was considered necessary for it to possess good high-speed and low-speed flight characteristics. To achieve high-speed performance, a swept or delta wing is typically adopted, but these wing designs are inefficient at low speeds. To operate at both high and low speeds with great effectiveness, the Tornado uses a variable-sweep wing. This approach had been adopted by earlier aircraft, such as the American Grumman F-14 Tomcat, which is the most similar in mission flexibility.[] The swing-wing was also shared by the older American General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark strike fighter, and the Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 fighter. The smaller Tornado has many similarities with the F-111, however the Tornado differs in being a multi-role aircraft with more advanced onboard systems and avionics
Operators
- Luftwaffe: 210 IDS and 35 ECR Tornados delivered. By December 2018, 94 IDS and 28 ECR aircraft remained in service.
- Marineflieger: 112 IDS Tornados delivered, retired in June 2005 with some aircraft being reallocated to the Luftwaffe.
- Aeronautica Militare: 100 IDS A-200 Tornados delivered (18 converted to ECR EA-200s), 24 ADV F3 aircraft later leased from the RAF between 1995 and 2004. By December 2018, 70 A-200 and 5 EA-200 aircraft remained in service
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Max Crew
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Panavia Aircraft GmbH
Panavia Tornado Gr.4
Panavia Aircraft GmbH
Panavia Tornado Gr.4
Info Panavia Tornado Gr.4
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- Crew: 2
- Length: 16.72 m (54 ft 10 in)
- Wingspan: 13.91 m sweep
- Swept wingspan: 8.60 m sweep
- Height: 5.95 m (19 ft 6 in)
- Wing area: 26.6 m2 (286 sq ft)
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Powerplant
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- Empty weight: 13,890 kg
- Gross weight: 20,240 kg
- Powerplant: 2 × Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk 103 afterburning 3-spool turbofan, 43.8 kN (9,800 lbf) thrust each dry, 76.8 kN (17,300 lbf) with afterburner
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Performance
- Maximum speed: 2,400 km/h (1,500 mph, at 9,000 m (30,000 ft)
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- 1,482 km/h IAS near sea level
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- Maximum speed: Mach 2.2
- Range: 1,390 km (860 mi, 750 nmi)
- Ferry range: 3,890 km
- Service ceiling: 15,240 m
Armament
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- Guns: 1 × 27 mm (1.06 in) Mauser BK-27 revolver cannon internally mounted under starboard side of fuselage with 180 rounds
- Hardpoints: 3 × under-fuselage and 4 × under-wing pylon stations with a capacity of 9,000 kg (19,800 lb
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Links to Youtube & Others
The Tornado ADV (air defence variant) was an interceptor variant of the Tornado, developed for the RAF (designated Tornado F2 or F3) and also operated by Saudi Arabia and Italy.
Panavia Aircraft GmbH
Panavia Tornado Gr.4
Operated by Germany and Italy, the ECR (Electronic Combat / Reconnaissance)
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Panavia Aircraft GmbH
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