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General Info

HFB 320 Hansa Jet

Role Business jet National origin Germany
Manufacturer Hamburger Flugzeugbau
First flight 21 April 1964
Retired Military: 24 June 1994 Civilian: 30 November 2004
Status Retired
Primary user West German Air Force
Number built 47

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History Hamburger Flugzeugbau
HFB 320 Hansa Jet


The HFB HFB 320 Hansa Jet is a twin-engine, ten-seat business jet that was designed and produced by German aircraft manufacturer Hamburger Flugzeugbau between 1964 and 1973. The most recognisable and unconventional feature of the aircraft is its forward-swept wing.

The Hansa Jet begun development during the 1960s, the selection of the forward-swept wing can be largely attributed to head engineer Hans Wocke, who had previously worked on the experimental Junkers Ju 287. It possessed a spacious cabin, which was achieved due to its wing design, but was a relatively heavy aircraft, posing some issues during both take-off and landing. On 21 April 1964, the prototype conducted its maiden flight. On 12 May 1965, the first prototype was lost during a test flight, killing Hamburger Flugzeugbau's chief test pilot; several design changes were made to change the Hansa Jet's stall characteristics..

Design

HFB 320 schematic

The HFB 320 Hansa Jet is a mid-wing monoplane of a somewhat conventional layout, being powered by a rear-mounted twin jet engines beneath a T-tail. Constructed entirely of metal, it has a 10-seat passenger cabin and retractable undercarriage. As certified, the Hansa Jet can carry up to 12 passengers. Its General Electric CJ610 turbojet engines enabled the aircraft to achieve a maximum speed of 900 km/h (486 kn) along with a maximum endurance in excess of 2,200 km (1,200 nmi). The decision to mount these engines far aft contributed to the relatively quiet cabin.

An unusual feature of the Hansa Jet is its forward-swept wing, which is mid-mounted in the fuselage. This arrangement provided multiple benefits, not least maximising the aircraft's speed capabilities. It also allowed the main wing spar to pass through the fuselage behind the passenger cabin, thus leaving it unencumbered by carry-through spars or similar structural elements; this choice facilitated the adoption of a longer cabin with more seats while maintaining adequate headroom in the small-diameter fuselage. As of 2019, the HFB 320 remains the only civilian jet ever to have a forward-swept wing..
 

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Hamburger Flugzeugbau
HFB 320 Hansa Jet

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Hamburger Flugzeugbau

Hamburger Flugzeugbau
HFB 320 Hansa Jet

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General Info

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      • Crew: 2
      • Capacity: 7, 11 or 15 passenger configurations / 1,814 kg (3,999 lb) payload in freighter versions
      • Length: 16.61 m (54 ft 6 in)
      • Wingspan: 14.49 m  inc. tip-tanks
      • Height: 4.94 m (16 ft 2 in)
      • Wing area: 30.14 m2 (324.4 sq ft)
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Powerplant


      • Empty weight: 5,425 kg 1,960 lb)
      • Max takeoff weight: 9,218 kg
      • Fuel capacity: 4,140 L (1,094 US gal; 911 imp gal) usable fuel
      • Powerplant: 2 × General Electric CJ610-9 turbojet aircraft, 14 kN (3,100 lbf) each
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Performance

  • Cruise speed: 825 km/h (513 mph, 445 kn) max, at 7,620 m (25,000 ft) at 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
  • Economical cruise speed: 675 km/h (419 mph; 364 kn) at 10,670 m (35,007 ft) at 7,500 kg 
  • Stall speed: 198 km/h (123 mph, 107 kn) with take-off flap, 178 km/h (111 mph; 96 kn) in landing configuration
  • Never exceed speed: 700 km/h (430 mph, 380 kn) EAS below 5,800 m (19,029 ft), M0.83 above 5,800 m (19,029 ft)
  • Range: 2,370 km (1,470 mi, 1,280 nmi) with 6 pax and baggage and 45 minutes fuel reserve
  • Service ceiling: 12,000 m (40,000 ft) maximum operating altitude
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    • None
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Special Links Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke AG JFM

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The selection of the American General Electric CJ610 turbojet engine to power the design was a straightforward choice; at the time, there was no other compact turbojets that had reached quantity manufacture yet. It provided some benefits, such as a relatively high thrust output, but was both noisy and fuel-hungry.

HFB 320 Hansa Jet

On 21 April 1964, the prototype conducted its maiden flight; during the following month, it was exhibited at the Hanover Air Show.[3] A second prototype was flown on 19 October 1964.

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Additionally, a further eight Hansa jets were purchased by the German Air Force for providing electronic countermeasure (ECM) training to air crews; these aircraft were delivered between August 1976 and April 1982.

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HFB 320 Hansa Jet

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